Rising employment costs are forcing thousands of owner-managers to absorb the bill themselves, squeezing profits, pensions and hiring alike
Surging employment costs and a run of above-inflation increases in the minimum wage have left many small business owners unable to pay themselves a living wage, one of the country’s leading business groups has warned.
The Federation of Small Businesses (FSB) cautioned that thousands of owner-managers are being drawn into a downward spiral of higher costs and shrinking profits that threatens their ability to draw even the most basic income from their firms.
In a submission to the Low Pay Commission (LPC), the independent body that advises ministers on the minimum wage, the FSB said bosses were increasingly forced to cover rising pay and compliance costs out of their own pockets. The pressure, it argued, is fast becoming a permanent feature of the labour market, pushing more proprietors either to close their doors or to make choices that will damage their own retirement.
“It is becoming a major structural issue within small firms where the costs of employment, including the national living wage, employer National Insurance contributions and auto-enrolment, make it harder for a small business owner to make sufficient profit to pay themselves a living wage, let alone to fund a pension,” the submission said.
“This has a negative double effect: fewer roles created and sustained in small businesses, but also fewer small businesses that are economically viable. In effect, this is leading to fewer jobs and fewer small firms.”
The warning chimes with the FSB’s own recent survey data, which showed rising wage costs dragging small business confidence into negative territory as labour became the single biggest barrier to growth. The federation said just 11 per cent of its members would be unaffected by another above-inflation rise in the wage floor.
The national living wage currently requires workers aged 21 and over to be paid £12.71 an hour, while those aged 18 to 20 must receive £10.85. The LPC signalled in March that it was minded to recommend an increase of up to 5 per cent for the national living wage in 2027, with a central estimate of £13.18 representing an above-inflation rise of 3.7 per cent.
The FSB was not alone in sounding the alarm. The Institute of Directors (IoD) used its own submission to urge the LPC to direct the Government to rethink Labour’s manifesto pledge to pay all workers, regardless of age, the same minimum wage. It blamed the recent surge in youth unemployment squarely on policies that have deterred employers from taking on less experienced staff.
“If the Government is serious about tackling the youth employment crisis, it must address the crisis in the cost of youth employment,” the IoD warned.
The institute argued that Labour’s pledge to scrap the youth rate of the minimum wage risked making matters worse, and called on ministers to postpone further increases until employment among young people had recovered to pre-pandemic levels. The minimum wage for younger workers has risen by more than a quarter under Labour, a move that economists, including policymakers at the Bank of England, say has deepened a youth unemployment crisis that has seen the number of young people not in education, employment or training climb towards one million.
A survey by the Recruitment and Employment Confederation found that a quarter of employers would scale back hiring if the wage floor rose to the levels under discussion, which it said pointed to “a potential tipping point for employment decisions”.
“These dynamics are having tangible labour market consequences,” it said. “Entry-level opportunities are being constrained, working hours are being reduced in some sectors, and the impacts are falling disproportionately on young people and labour market entrants, particularly those already at risk of becoming or remaining not in education, employment or training.”
The IoD urged Labour to move away from a scheme that pays employers up to £3,000 to take on young people who are out of work, and instead to pivot towards broader measures aimed at bringing down the overall cost of employment. “Small, one-off incentives tied to significant amounts of bureaucracy will not come close to offsetting the increased costs of employing people brought about by recent Government employment policy,” it said.
Lower minimum wage rates for younger workers have existed since the system was introduced by Labour in 1999. The IoD pressed the LPC and the Government to reconsider plans to scrap what it had described as “discriminatory” age bands until employment among under-24s rises back above the 60 per cent level seen before lockdown.
“The LPC should recommend that the Government pauses the implementation of the equalisation of the youth and main minimum wage rates,” it said. “As described above, the equalisation is having a damaging impact on youth employment prospects at a time when the number of Neets has exceeded one million.” The concern is consistent with wider forecasts that youth unemployment could climb to 17.8 per cent by 2027 as artificial intelligence and tax rises bite into entry-level hiring.
For its part, the FSB called on Labour to increase automatically a small business tax break in line with future minimum wage rises, ensuring that firms with fewer than four employees are left no worse off.
A government spokesman said Labour’s minimum and living wage increases had left Britain’s lowest earners £900 better off.
